Short-term rental

Short-term rentals (STR) are furnished lodging rented for short periods of time.^[1] They can be used as alternatives to hotels for vacation rentals and housing during relocation.^[2] They are usually reserved via online marketplaces such as Airbnb and Booking.com.

Regulations have been imposed on short-term rental platforms after proponents argued that short-term rental has reduced housing affordability and contributed to the increase of long-term rental prices due to changes in housing supply and demand; short-term rentals can be more lucrative than long-term rentals for landlords and also attract investors who bid up housing prices.^[3] Supporters of STRs argue that the impact on housing prices has been minimal and that the solution to housing affordability is to increase housing supply.^[4][5]

Landlords have even been accused of illegally evicting tenants to convert properties into short-term rentals to obtain higher rents.^[6]

The hotel industry has lobbied for additional regulations on STRs, which compete with hotels.^[7] STR platforms also use lobbying to promote their interests.^[8]

In addition to government-imposed restrictions, many homeowner associations also limit short-term rentals.^[9] Neighborhood community groups have voiced concern that short-term residents can cause issues with congestion, noise, and safety.^[4]

Regulation of short-term rentals can include requirements for hosts to have business licenses, payment of hotel taxes, limitations on the number of days that a space is rented, requirements for hosts to occupy the space, and compliance with building, city and zoning standards.

• Amsterdam: Hosts can rent their properties for up to 30 nights per year to a group of no more than four at a time.^[10] Short-term rentals are banned in certain parts of the city.^[11]
• Barcelona: Vacation apartments are subject to the highest rate of property tax; platforms must share data with regulators.^[12][13][14]
• Berlin: Short-term rentals require permission from authorities. Hosts can rent individual rooms with the condition that they live in most of the property.^[15]
• Budapest: Taxation required per living room.^[16]
• Ireland: Short-term rentals are restricted to a maximum of 90 days per year for primary residences; registration is required with local authorities and planning permission is required where a property changes use from private residence to full-time short-term rental.^[17][18][19]
• London: Short-term rentals are limited to 90 days per year.^[20][21]
• Lucerne: Short-term apartment rentals are limited to 90 days per year.^[22][23]
• Madrid: Listings without private entrances are banned.^[24]
• Palma de Mallorca: Home-sharing sites are banned to contain tourism.^[25]
• Paris: Hosts can rent their homes for no more than 120 days a year^[26] and must register their listing with the town hall.^[27]
• Rome: Short-term rental sites are required to withhold a 21% rental income tax.^[28]
• Venice: Hosts must collect and remit tourist taxes.^[29][30]
• Vienna: Short-term rentals are banned in specific "residential zones" within the city, with the exemption of apartments used primarily for the host's own residential needs.^[31]

• Phoenix, Arizona: Most regulations are not allowed since municipalities are prohibited from interfering in property rights.^[32]
• Boston, Massachusetts: The types of properties eligible for use as short-term rentals and the number of days per year a property may be rented are limited.^{[33][34][35][36]}
• Chicago, Illinois: Hosts are required to obtain a license. Single-night stays are prohibited.^[37]
• Jersey City, New Jersey: Hosts are only allowed to rent for 60 days per year.^[38][39]
• Los Angeles, California: Hosts must register with the city planning department and pay an $89 fee and cannot home-share for more than 120 days in a calendar year.^[40][41]
• Miami, Florida: Short-term rentals are banned in most neighborhoods, in part due to lobbying efforts of the hotel industry.^[42][43]
• New York City, New York: Rentals under 30 days are prohibited unless the host is present on the property. Hosts are required to obtain a license and relatively few licenses have been issued.^[44]
• Portland, Oregon: The number of bedrooms in a single unit that may be listed is limited.^[45]
• San Diego, California: Units for short-term rental are limited to 1% of the housing stock and licenses are required.^[46]
• San Francisco, California: Registration by hosts is required.^[47]
• Santa Cruz, California: Local Board of supervisors discussed parking restrictions in the areas where there are many short-term rentals, in order to discourage people from staying there, and prioritize the local residents' ability to park.^[48]
• Santa Monica, California: Hosts are required to register with the city and obtain a license and are also prohibited from listing multiple properties.^[49]
• Seattle, Washington: Hosts must obtain licenses and cannot rent more than two units.^[50]
• Washington, D.C.: Hosts must obtain a short-term rental license, and, if the host is not present, those rentals are limited to a combined 90 days each year.^[51]
• West New York, New Jersey: Short-term rentals are banned.^[52]

• Toronto: Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.^[53]
• Vancouver: Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.^[54][55]

• Japan: Hosts are required to register their listing with the government; a home can be rented for a maximum of 180 days per year.^[56]
• Singapore: Short-term home rentals of less than three months are illegal.^[57][58]

• Apartment hotel
• Condo hotel
• Vacation property