List of works by Gu Yanwu

A color portrait of Gu Yanwu, wearing a hood and robes
19th-century portrait of Gu by Ye Yanlan

Gu Yanwu (Chinese: 顧炎武, art name Tinglin) was a 17th century Chinese scholar, active during the transition from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Born in Qiandun in what is now Jiangsu, he abandoned a career as a scholar-official after repeatedly failing to progress through the imperial examination system. Following the Manchu conquest, Gu destroyed his prior poetry and took to wandering across northern China, where he collected large amounts of historical documents and local gazetteers. He wrote many books, essays, and poems during his travels.[1]

Only two of Gu's works, the Yinxue wushu and the first edition of the Rizhilu, were published during his lifetime—although the latter was greatly expanded in a posthumous edition published by his student Pan Lei.[2] Many of his works were lost after his death, while others survived only as manuscripts and never saw proper publication.[3] Pan Lei collected some of his poems and letters and published them for the first time in the collection Tinglin yishu (亭林遺書; 'Posthumous Writings of Gu Tinglin').[4]

Several existing manuscripts which collected his letters, essays, and poems were included in the Gu Tinglin shiwenji (顧亭林詩文集; 'Collected Poetry and Prose of Gu Tenglin'), published by Zhonghua Books in 1959.[5] Gu's longest work was Tianxia junguo libing shu (天下郡國利病書; 'On the Benefits and Faults of the Empire's Local Administration'), a collection of historical and local documents totaling 120 juan (a unit roughly equivalent to a chapter).[6]

List

Works by Gu Yanwu
Title Translation Length (in juan) Description Ref.
天下郡國利病書; Tiānxià jùnguó lìbìng shū On the Benefits and Faults of the Empire's Local Administration 120 A large collection of historical documents and local records gathered by Gu during his travels across China, including additional information from his first-hand observations. In the work, Gu outlines the economic and political history of various Ming institutions, noting their decline over the course of the dynasty. [6][7]
肇域志; Zhàoyù zhì Annals of Geography 100 A wide collection of notes gathered from local gazetteers and dynastic histories during Gu's research for the Tianxia junguo libing shu, recording the historical geography of different regions in China prior to the Ming dynasty [8][9]
音學五書; Yīnxué wǔshū Five Books on Phonology 38 An analysis of the phonology of Old Chinese as it was spoken at the time of the compilation of the Confucian classics. Gu adapts the phonological method of the Ming writer Chen Di to dispute modern readings of classical poetry. It was published in 1667. [10][11]
日知录; Rìzhīlù Records of Daily Knowledge 32 A large compilation of Gu's daily notes on statecraft, history, philosophy, and literature. It was first published as an 8-juan book in 1670, but was later expanded to 32 juan in a posthumous 1695 edition. As academic discussion became more widely permitted in the 1830s, an edition containing additional commentaries was published by Huang Rucheng in 1834. A purportedly older version was discovered by the revolutionary Zhang Ji in the 1930s and published in the 1950s, although its authenticity is a matter of scholarly debate. [12][13]
歷代帝王宅京記; Lìdài dìwáng zhái jīng jì Record of the Emperor's Residences Through History 20 An examination of the cities, palaces, capitals, monasteries, and temples throughout different dynasties. It was completed near the end of Gu's life, but only published in 1808. [14]
顧亭林先生詩箋注; Gù Tínglín xiānshēng shī jiānzhù Annotated Poems of Gu Tinglin 17 An annotated collection of Gu's poetry compiled by Xu Jia (徐嘉) and first printed in 1897 [15]
經世篇; Jīngshì piān Treatise on Statecraft 7 An obscure unpublished treatise which purportedly served as a guide to the imperial examination system [16]
金石文字記; Jīnshí wénzì jì Notes on Epigraphic Inscriptions 6 A study and commentary of over three hundred post-Han stone inscriptions compiled by Gu during his travels, based on the epigraphic methods of Ouyang Xiu and Zhao Mingcheng. It was printed by Gu's apprentice Pan Lei in 1695 as part of the Tinglin shizhong and later in the Tinglin yishu. [17]
亭林文集; Tínglín wénjí Tinglin Anthology 6 A collection of Gu's essays and writings, including his political treatises written after the fall of Ming [15]
亭林詩集; Tínglín shījí Collected Poems of Tinglin 5 A relatively complete compilation of Gu's poetry, first published as part of the Tinglin yishu [15]
日知錄之餘; Rìzhīlù zhīyú Additions to the Records of Daily Knowledge 4 A set of supplementary notes to the Rizhilu, including commentaries on calligraphy, Daoism, Buddhism, and legal restrictions. It was included with Huang Rucheng's 1834 edition of the Rizhilu. [16]
左傳讀皆補正; Zuǒ chuán dújiē bǔzhèng Corrections to the reading of Zuo Zhuan 3 A study of the errors made in the 3rd century scholar Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo Zhuan [10]
五經同異; Wǔjīng tóng yì Similarities and Differences of the Five Classics 3 An analysis of Song, Yuan, and Ming-era textual criticism of the Five Classics [10]
昌平山水記; Chāngpíng shānshuǐ jì Changping Landscape Notes 2 Various notes on the geography of Changping, a region near Beijing, from Gu's observations and travels [8]
聖安記事; Shèngān jìshì Sheng'an Records 2 A summary of the events following the enthronement of the Hongguang Emperor and the establishment of the Southern Ming dynasty [6]
求文格論; Qiú wén gé lùn In Search of a Literary Style Theory 1 A brief account of the manner in which ancient scholars recorded names, titles, times, and seasons. Its contents were incorporated into the Rizhilu [16]
亭林遺事; Tínglín yíshì Tinglin Remnants 1 A short collection of Gu's poetry published by Zhu Jirong (朱記榮) [15]
京東考古錄; Jīngdōng kǎogǔ lù Studies of Antiquities East of the Capital 1 A short record of place names and antiquities in the regions east of Beijing. All the contained material was incorporated into the Rizhilu and Changping shanshui ji, but the text itself was later published by Wu Zhenfang. [14]
求古錄; Qiúgǔ lù Seeking the Ancient Records 1 A record of fifty-six stone inscriptions, commentated by Gu. They range from the Han to Ming periods. [14]
九經誤字; Jiǔjīng wùzì Errors in the Four Books and Five Classics 1 A short discussion of errors found in contemporary editions of the Confucian Four Books and Five classics, comparing them with the versions of the texts found in stone inscriptions [10]
韻補正; Yùnbǔ zhèng Rhyme Corrections 1 A short essay written while Gu was working on the Yuxue wushu. Based off the Song scholar Wu Yu's phonological treatise Yunbu, it describes errors and irregularities in ancient rhymes. [8]
顧氏譜系考; Gù shì pǔxì kǎo A Study of the Gu Family Genealogy 1 A brief record of the Gu family's history and the origins of the surname [14]
明季實錄; Míngjì shílù Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty 1 A compilation of late Ming edicts, memorials, and dispatches. It was later included in the Tinglin yishu. [14]
山東考古錄; Shāndōng kǎogǔ lù Record of Shandong Antiquities 1 A brief summary of errors in ancient Shandong geographic and personal names. It was later included in the Tinglin yishu. [6]
石經考; Shíjīng kǎo Studies on the Stone Classics 1 A collection of textual criticisms of stone inscriptions of the Chinese classics. It was later included in the Tinglin yishu. [6]
營平二州地名記; Yíngpíng èrzhōu dìmíng jì Records of the Place Names of the Two Yingping Prefectures 1 An incomplete collection of historical materials relating to two prefectures (zhou) in northern China [6]
菰中隨筆; Gūzhōng suíbǐ Loose Notes from the Wild Rice Fields 1 A set of miscellaneous notes from Gu's readings which was later included in Huang Rucheng's 1834 edition of the Rizhilu [18]
雜錄; Zálù Miscellaneous Records 1 A set of miscellaneous notes later included in the Rizhilu [18]
亭林餘集; Tínglín yújí Additional Writings of Tinglin 1 A collection of twelve of Gu's essays collected during the early 17th century and later published by the scholar Peng Shaosheng. It includes Gu's memorial for his adoptive mother. [19]

References

  1. ^ Johnston 2016, pp. 3–9, 241.
  2. ^ Johnston 2016, pp. 10–11.
  3. ^ Zhang 1963, pp. 8–9.
  4. ^ Peterson 1968, pp. 115–116.
  5. ^ Johnston 2016, p. 15.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Johnston 2016, p. 251.
  7. ^ Ng & Wang 2005, p. 229.
  8. ^ a b c Johnston 2016, p. 249.
  9. ^ Zhang 1963, p. 8.
  10. ^ a b c d Johnston 2016, p. 248.
  11. ^ Bartlett 2003, p. 275.
  12. ^ Johnston 2016, pp. 252, 11–14.
  13. ^ Bartlett 2003, p. 274.
  14. ^ a b c d e Johnston 2016, p. 250.
  15. ^ a b c d Johnston 2016, p. 253.
  16. ^ a b c Johnston 2016, p. 252.
  17. ^ Johnston 2016, pp. 249–250.
  18. ^ a b Johnston 2016, pp. 252–253.
  19. ^ Johnston 2016, p. 15, 253.

Works cited

  • Bartlett, Thomas (2003). "Gu Yanwu (Ku Yen-wu)". In Cua, Antonio S. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 272–276. ISBN 9781135367480.
  • Johnston, Ian, ed. (2016). Record of Daily Knowledge and Collected Poems and Essays: Selections. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231542678.
  • Ng, On Cho; Wang, Q. Edward (2005). Mirroring the Past: The Writing and Use of History in Imperial China. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824829131
  • Peterson, Willard J. (1968). "The Life of Ku Yen-wu (1613-1682): Part 1". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 28: 114–156. doi:10.2307/2718597. JSTOR 2718597.
  • Zhang, Shunhui (1963). 顧亭林学記 [Studies of Gu Tinglin] (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. OCLC 1227494427.
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