List of tornadoes in the Philippines

The Manila tornado, rated EF1, as it moves through Sampaloc, Manila on August 14, 2016.

The Philippines experiences an average of 8 tornadoes annually, although most of them are relatively weak and short-lived. It is not uncommon for the country to have tornadoes. The average intensities can range between EF0 and EF2 in the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF Scale), but some are identified as EFU due to insufficient data. Reports of tornadoes have increased since 2009. As of 2024, the highest tornadic activity was recorded in 2022 with a total number of 37 reported tornadoes.[1] These tornadoes tend to be mild compared to the strong tornadoes in the United States.[2] Waterspouts are also a general occurrence in the area, but in some instances, these can classify as a tornado once it reaches land. Most of these tornadoes typically form during the wet season and sometimes accompanied by typhoons.

Climatology

Further information: Climate of the Philippines

A tornado, also known locally as buhawi, is a violently rotating column of air that descends from the base of a thunderstorm onto the ground. They typically form during severe thuderstorms or in the right-front quadrant of tropical cyclones, relative to its track with tropical storm intensity. Around half of tropical cylones can produce tornadoes in regions where the air has a brief trajectory over land, paired together with a strong convection.[3]

The country is situated near the equator with a tropical climate, characterized by relatively high temperature, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. It is also located west from the Pacific Ocean, making the country susceptible to natural disasters including typhoons. During the wet season, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts up north into the country. Warm, moist air is pushed upwards into the atmosphere which then cools and condenses into moisture, causing an increase in severe thunderstorms and tropical cyclones.[4] The southwest moonsoon or habagat also influences severe weather as warm, moist air travel towards the northeast portion of the country, causing heavy rainfall.[5]

The Bacolor, Pampanga tornado of June 22, 2023 where it damaged several houses in Barangay Cabalantian.

There are multiple tornado hotspots in the Philippines, with Central Luzon and the Greater Manila Area having the most recorded tornadic activity. Luzon is surrounded by the Zambales Mountain Range to the west and the Sierra Madre Mountain Range to the east which influences atmospheric instability through orographic effect. Manila Bay also contributes with weather conditions by bringing warm, humid air towards the regions.[6][7] Another tornado hotspot is located in central Mindanao, where tornadoes are heavily concentrated in Cotabato due to a similar effect.[8] The flash rate density in these areas are significantly higher compared to Visayas which only has two known smaller tornado hotspots, specifically in Panay, Negros, and much of the central region.[9] However, it is not yet possible to determine the influence of oscillations on the formation of tornadoes due to insufficient data.[1] Some of these tornadoes go unreported due to them being too weak to cause casualties or they touch down on rural areas with little to no population. Although in recent years, reports of tornadoes have increased due to the rise of internet access in the country, primarily through social media and news outlets.[10]

PAGASA, High Radar Echoes (63 dBz) spotted on a doppler weather radar near Metro Manila during the Manila tornado.

The country currently does not have an active tornado alert system in place. The metorological agency, PAGASA, stated that they do not have the capability to set tornado warnings or tornado bulletins yet.[11] Instead, they rely on doppler weather radars and storm chasers on the ground to gather data on tornadoes. The most notable tornado incident is the Manila tornado, where a rare EF1 tornado swept through Metro Manila, caused by heavy monsoon rains.[12] It damaged more than 100 buildings and 2 people were injured.[13] Another notable example is an extremely rare EF2 tornado in Arayat, Pampanga during Typhoon Ewiniar (2024). This tornado reached estimated wind speeds of up to 201 km/h (125 mph), damaging at least 30 homes and 2 school buildings. Fortunately, no one was reported injured from the tornado.[14]

List of tornadoes

This list includes confirmed tornado incidents that had reported casualties. Tornado EF ratings are not official since PAGASA does not have the capability to identify tornado intensities. Instead, ratings are estimated according to the Severe Weather Archive of the Philippines. Some tornadoes are rated as EFU due to lack of available data on damage assessment.[15]

Pre-2000s

F# Event Date City Province No. of Tornadoes Casualties
F1 Macabebe–Masantol tornado June 13, 1968 Macabebe & Masantol Pampanga 1 12 fatalities, 42 injured
The tornado formed shortly before midnight and moved through two villages, south of Clark Air Base, Pampanga where it destroyed 40 homes. A total of 8 people died in Macabebe while 4 people died in Masantol.[16][17]
F1 Typhoon Tess (Miling) September 3, 1985 Lemery Batangas 1 1 fatality, 5 injured
A tornado killed a 5-year old kid and damaged a total of 56 houses during Typhoon Tess. The incident left 336 people homeless.[18][19]
F1 Malita tornado June 3, 1989 Malita Davao Occidental 1 13 fatalities, 2 missing
A low pressure area located west of Mindanao caused the formation of a tornado.[20] Accompanied by flash flooding, it destroyed 150 homes and 2 bridges. A total of 13 people were killed, four of them were children, including a 9-month old baby.[21][22]
F2 Manukan tornado June 12, 1990 Manukan Zamboanga del Norte 1 36 fatalities, >100 injured, 44 missing
At around 19:00 local time, a potential EF2 tornado struck through Manukan, more than 16 km away from nearby town, Dipolog.[1] It destroyed 59 houses, mostly made from coconut leaves and carried people, plants, and animals into the sea.[23] At least 36 people were killed, more than 100 people were injured, and 44 people went missing.[24]
F? Lubang tornado August 12, 1991 Lubang Occidental Mindoro 1 1 fatality
A total of 10 houses were destroyed, 20 others that are partially damaged, and one person was killed when a tornado struck the town.[25]
F2 Lantapan tornado July 2, 1991 Lantapan Bukidnon 1 Unknown
Eleven barangays in the municipality were struck by a tornado, resulting in damages to several sturctures and agricultural crops. This incident led to declaring a state of public calamity in the municipality.[26]
F? Cabanglasan tornado August 16, 1991 Cabanglasan Bukidnon 1 6 fatalities, 15 missing
The tornado hit four villages, damaging several homes and uprooting trees. A total of 6 people were killed by debris that were flung by the tornado and 15 people went missing, including several children.[25]
FU Misamis Oriental tornado July 2, 1994 near Cagayan de Oro Misamis Oriental 1 2 fatalities, 11 missing
Four riverside villages near the city of Cagayan de Oro were hit by a tornado, leaving 2 children killed and 11 other people missing.[27]
FU San Fernando, Pampanga tornado October 16, 1994 San Fernando Pampanga 1 3 fatalities
A tornado struck an evacuation center filled with people displaced by mudflows from Mount Pinatubo and killed 3 people.[27]
F1 Datu Piang tornado November 29, 1994 Datu Piang Maguindanao del Sur 1 14 fatalities
Eight farming villages were hit by a tornado during a heavy downpour. At least 160 houses and a school were destroyed, and 14 people went missing and feared dead.[28]
F? 1995 Valencia, Bukidnon tornado September 29, 1995 Valencia Bukidnon 1 14 fatalities
A tornado touched down on a hilltop, causing a landslide that buried several families. It destroyed 67 homes and killed 14 people, seven of them were children with the youngest being 2-years old.[29]

2000s

F#/EF# Event Date City Province No. of Tornadoes Casualties
F? Typhoon Lingling (Nanang) November 6, 2001 Mambajao Camiguin 1 22 fatalities
The typhoon triggered flash floods and a tornado formation that struck the island. Several people died in floods while others were killed after being hit by falling trees and debris.[30]
F2 San Ricardo tornado December 19, 2003 San Ricardo Southern Leyte 1 50 fatalities
A tornado damaged at least 60 homes and killed 50 people when it struck a village.[31][32]
FU Cawayan tornado July 16, 2004 Cawayan Masbate 1 2 injuries
A barangay was struck by a tornado at around 01:30 local time. It damaged a few houses and injured 2 people.[33]
F1 Sasmuan tornado May 11, 2006 Sasmuan Pampanga 1 1 fatality, 2 injured
Two villages were hit by a tornado at around 21:00 local time, destroying 50 houses and causing a power outage. A person died from a heart attack while two others sustained injuries from flying debris.[34]
EF1 2007 Bulacan–Pampanga tornado event July 30, 2007 Baliwag, Bustos, & Candaba respectively Bulacan & Pampanga 3 2 injured
On July 30, around 16:00 local time, the towns of Baliwag and Bustos in Bulacan were struck by a tornado which lasted over 7-minutes long, where at least 27 houses were damaged in Baliwag, while at least 31 houses were damaged in Bustos.[35] On the same day, another tornado hit nearby Candaba, Pampanga. More than 12 houses were destroyed and 2 people were injured, one of them is a child.[36][37]
EF1 San Rafael, Bulacan tornado August 7, 2007 San Rafael Bulacan 1 1 injury
The town was struck by a tornado in early morning, where it destroyed 27 houses and tossed a farmer into a nearby rice field, leaving him with minor injuries.[38][39]
EF1 San Antonio, Zambales tornado August 8, 2007 San Antonio Zambales 1 1 fatality
The town was hit by a tornado at around 15:00 local time, where at least 12 houses were damaged and a person was killed.[40][41]
EF? Typhoon Fengshen (Frank) June 21, 2008 Sagay Negros Occidental 1 1 fatality
During Typhoon Fengshen, a tornado struck the coastal village of Molocaboc, destroying 16 houses and left one person dead.[42]
EF? Palauig tornado August 4, 2008 Palauig Zambales 1 1 fatality, 14 injured
A tornado overturned a bus on a national highway heading north of Zambales at around 10:00 local time, killing a student and injuring 14 other people.[43]
EFU Tupi, South Cotabato tornado March 16, 2008 Tupi South Cotabato 1 2 injured
Four farming villages were hit by a tornado at 15:00 local time caused by continuous heavy rainfalls, damaging at least 69 homes and caused a power outage that lasted for several hours. The tornado left 2 people injured from a falling tree and displaced 71 families.[44]
EF1 Tropical Storm Nangka (Feria) June 23, 2009 Perez & Can-avid Quezon & Eastern Samar 2 4 fatalities, 2 injured
Two tornadoes appeared during Tropical Storm Nangka. In Perez, a boat with 15 passengers were hit by a tornado at around 01:00 local time, killing 4 people and injured 2 others.[45][46] Another tornado hit four villages in Can-avid, damaging 26 houses.[47]
EF1 Oton tornado August 10, 2009 Oton Iloilo 1 20 injured
A tornado struck near an elementary school, injuring 20 pupils.[47]
EF1 San Luis, Pampanga tornado August 15, 2009 San Luis Pampanga 1 1 fatality
A 7-month old baby was killed by a tornado when a hammock was carried away by strong winds. Several houses in the area were also reported damaged.[48][49]
EF1 Bulacan province tornado August 16, 2009 Balagtas Bulacan 1 3 injured
A tornado stuck multiple provinces in Bulacan. In Balagtas, three people were injured by the incident. Nearby towns of Malolos and Guiguinto also suffered heavy damages as the tornado ripped apart several houses.[48][49]

2010s

EF# Event Date City Province No. of Tornadoes Casualties
EF? Bantayan tornado August 17, 2010 Bantayan Cebu 1 1 injured
One child was injured when he was hit by a flying galvanized iron sheet that was flung by a tornado. At least 27 houses were also reported damaged.[50][51]
EF? Argao tornado August 19, 2010 Argao Cebu 1 1 injured
A couple of days after Bantayan, another tornado struck Argao at around 02:00 local time during a heavy downpour which lasted for two minutes. Around 14 houses were damaged and one person was injured after getting hit by a hard object after her house collapsed.[50][52]
EF? Jolo, Sulu tornado February 3, 2011 Jolo Sulu 1 5 fatalities, 20 injured
A barangay in the town was hit by a tornado, leaving 5 people dead, including a 1-year old kid, and 20 others injured.[53]
EF1 Kolambugan tornado March 17, 2011 Kolambugan Lanao del Norte 1 1 injured
Two barangays were hit by a tornado where it damaged around 60 houses and injured a 12-year old kid.[54][55]
EF1 Tropical Storm Meari (Falcon) June 24, 2011 Quezon City Metro Manila 1 1 injured
A tornado appeared during Tropical Storm Meari and struck seven villages. Homes had their roofs peeled off, while trees and electric posts were toppled. A total of 30 houses were damaged.[56][57]
EF1 Cagayan de Oro tornado July 29, 2011 Cagayan de Oro Misamis Oriental 1 20 injured
Two barangays were hit by a tornado at around 16:00 local time, damaging at least 70 houses and injured 20 people, with one of the people got injured from a steel roofing.[58]
EF1 2011 Valencia, Bukidnon tornado September 3, 2011 Valencia Bukidnon 1 1 fatality, 4 injured
At around 16:30 local time, a tornado hit three barangays and destroyed at least 39 houses. It left 4 people injured and a toddler dead.[59]
EF1 Lake Sebu tornado April 10, 2012 Lake Sebu South Cotabato 1 1 fatality, 2 injured
At around 14:30 local time, a strong tornado hits two villages that caused several damaged homes, killed a 12-year-old girl, and 2 others injured.[60][61]
EF? Pinamungajan tornado May 16, 2012 Pinamungajan Cebu 1 3 injured
At least 68 houses were damaged and 3 people were injured when a tornado struck a barangay in Pinamungajan.[62]
EF? Kabasalan tornado September 15, 2012 Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay 1 1 injured
A tornado damaged several houses and buildings, including the town's public market at 03:15 local time, which lasted for 5-minutes. Only one person was confirmed to be injured, caused by a corrugated galvanized iron sheet that was flung, while the actual true number of people injured were undetermined.[63][64][65]
EFU Infanta tornado October 25, 2012 Infanta Quezon 1 1 injured
Four barangays were struck by a tornado, leaving at least 15 houses damaged and a person injured.[66]
EF? Liguasan tornado March 25, 2013 Liguasan Marsh Maguindanao 1 12 fatalities
A tornado capsized an overloaded boat carrying 18 people as it travelled through the marsh, leaving 12 people dead.[67]
EF2 Minglanilla–Talisay tornado June 18, 2013 Minglanilla & Talisay Cebu 1 3 injured
At around 14:00 local time, a potential EF2 tornado first touched down in Minglanilla.[1] It damaged at least 50 houses and an animal feeds factory. The tornado reached estimated wind speed of up to 200 km/h (124 mph) and injured 3 people.[68] At 15:45 local time, the tornado reached Talisay where at least 8 houses were damaged.[69] A day later, Minglanilla was declared under the state of calamity.[70]
EF1 Tropical Storm Rumbia (Gorio) June 29, 2013 Jomalig Quezon 1 4 injured
A total of 42 houses were damaged by the tornado during Tropical Storm Rumbia and four people were injured, including a 2-month old baby.[71][72]
EF2 2013 Cebu tornado November 4, 2013 Olango Island, Lapu-Lapu, Mandaue, Compostela, Danao, & Carmen Cebu 1 13 injured
At 16:50 local time, a severe thunderstorm was identified in Northern Bohol, heading northwest towards Olango Island.[73] At 19:45 local time, PAGASA recorded wind speeds of around 80 km/h as it heads toward the island.[74] Minutes after, a tornado touched down and blew the roof of a chapel, damaged a basketball court, and a barangay hall. As it reached Mactan, Lapu-Lapu, a total of at least 37 buildings were damaged, trees were uprooted, and a few people were injured. At 20:00 local time, the tornado reached Mandaue, a total of 27 houses were damaged and several people were injured. Parkmall, a local shopping mall in Mandaue also sustained some minor damages.[75][76] It then moved north towards Compostela, where it damaged 3 houses. Meanwhile, in Danao, one person was injured after being hit by debris, while in Carmen, the tornado injured another person after being hit by the steel gate that was carried by strong winds.[77] It was then classified as a potential EF2 tornado.[1]
EF1 Midsayap tornado May 24, 2014 Midsayap Cotabato 1 2 fatalities, 1 injury
Several houses were damaged by uprooted trees caused by a tornado that left 2 people dead and a person injured.[78]
EF? Calbayog tornado June 27, 2014 Calbayog Samar 1 3 injured
The tornado hit a barangay and destroyed 85 houses, most were made of light materials. It injured 3 people and around 500 people were affected.[79]
EF1 Isabela, Negros Occidental tornado October 22, 2014 Isabela Negros Occidental 1 2 injured
At around 13:20 local time, a tornado damaged a total of 106 houses, a health center, a public market, and a school which lasted for 15-minutes.[80] Two people were injured.[81]
EF? Zamboanga City tornado June 10, 2015 Zamboanga City Zamboanga del Sur 1 1 injured
The town was hit by a tornado at 19:00 local time, destorying at least 28 homes and injured a person.[82]
EF2 Pikit tornado August 13, 2015 Pikit Cotabato 1 7 injured
The tornado struck several residential communities, leaving 151 houses destroyed. It also destroyed a mosque and a school building.[83][84]
EF1 Manila tornado August 14, 2016 Manila & Quezon City Metro Manila 1 2 injured
A rare EF1 tornado struck Metro Manila at around 16:30 local time, caused by heavy monsoon rains. As early as 16:00 local time, a severe thunderstorm was spotted over Manila Bay moving east towards the metropolitan area.[12][13] The tornado first touched down in Baseco Compound and was seen traveling towards Intramuros and Sampaloc, before dissipating in Mariana, Quezon City.[85][86] It lasted for around 15 minutes where it damaged more than 100 buildings, including the National Press Club in Intramuros, and injured 2 people.[87]
EF? Tampakan tornado August 30, 2016 Tampakan South Cotabato 1 1 injured
Several houses were destroyed and some agricultural crops were damaged by a tornado. A person was injured when an uprooted tree fell onto a house.[88]
EF1 Bogo, Cebu tornado September 16, 2016 Bogo Cebu 1 3 injured
Around 17 houses were damaged and 3 people were injured when a tornado struck a barangay in the city.[89]
EF1 Manapla tornado December 13, 2016 Manapla Negros Occidental 1 7 injured
More than 80 structures were destroyed including a covered court and a church. 2 people were left injured.[90][91]
EF? Bacolod tornado June 15 & 16, 2017 Bacolod Negros Occidental 2 19 injured
On June 15, at 19:30 local time, a tornado struck three barangays and destroyed at least 19 houses.[92] A day later, at 20:30 local time, another tornado hit several villages and destroyed 13 houses. Both tornadoes left 19 people injured.[93]
EF? Tropical Storm Kai-tak (Urduja) December 16, 2017 Caibiran Biliran 1 14 fatalities
At 19:00 local time, torrential rains and a tornado that were brought by the typhoon resulted in a landslide that burried multiple houses and killing 14 people.[94][95][96]
EF1 Davao City tornado July 22, 2018 Davao City Davao del Sur 1 2 injured
Over 300 people evecuated and 2 injured after a tornado hit two coastal areas in Davao City and caused damages.[97][98]
EF1 Typhoon Mangkhut (Ompong) September 14, 2018 Marikina Metro Manila 1 2 injured
At around 17:00 local time, a tornado struck multiple areas in Markina during Typhoon Mangkhut. Multiple structures including Markina Shoe Museum and Kapitan Moy Residence were partially damaged and a century-old tree was uprooted. It left several homes damaged and injured 2 people after being electrocuted by a live wire.[99][100][101]
EFU Magalang tornado July 29, 2019 Magalang Pampanga 1 7 injured
Multiple houses and a school building were damaged by a tornado, leaving 5 students and two others injured after getting hit by fallen debris.[102][103]
EF? Marogong tornado August 3, 2019 Marogong Lanao del Sur 1 4 injured
A tornado destroyed 15 houses, a mosque, and a school building. Four students from the school were injured.[104][105]
EF1 Typhoon Phanfone (Ursula) December 25, 2019 Calapan Oriental Mindoro 1 1 injured
At least 5 homes were damaged as a tornado appeared during Tyhoon Phanfone. A 50-year old local market also suffered major damage inflicted by the tornado.[106][107]

2020s

EF# Event Date City Province No. of Tornadoes Casualties
EF1 Cotabato City tornado April 21, 2022 Cotabato City Maguindanao del Norte 1 1 injured
A total of 60 houses were damaged by a tornado on the riverside. It also damaged multiple pump boats and injured one person.[108]
EFU M'lang tornado June 2, 2022 M'lang Cotabato 1 3 injured
More than 100 houses were damaged and 3 people were injured when a tornado struck several villages during a heavy rainfall.[109]
EF1/EF0 Iloilo province tornado event January 3, 2023 Iloilo City, Oton & Lambunao Iloilo 2 2 injured
At 05:30 local time, a tornado struck the Arevalo district in Iloilo City and nearby Oton, Iloilo where it damaged more than 200 houses and injured 2 people when an uprooted coconut tree hit their house.[110] At 23:00 local time, another tornado hit Lambunao, Iloilo where it damaged 22 houses.[111]
EF1 Bacolor tornado June 22, 2023 Bacolor Pampanga 1 1 injured
At around 18:00 local time, a tornado struck two barangays and damaged 32 structures, including a church and a gasoline station. A power outage occurred after several trees were toppled. One person was reportedly injured from the incident.[112][113][114]
EF? San Juan, Batangas tornado September 27, 2024 San Juan Batangas 1 2 injured
The tornado partially damaged a public market and several structures after it hit two baanagays. The incident left 2 people injured in a vehicular accident.[115][116]
EF? Iloilo City tornado April 29, 2025 Iloilo City Iloilo 1 1 injured
A tornado ripped apart a portion of a hotel's entrance ceiling in Iloilo City and damaged several vehicles, leaving a food delivery rider injured.[117]
EF? Daet tornado September 14, 2025 Daet Camarines Norte 1 2 fatalities, 2 injured
At around 04:30 local time, a tornado touched down and struck the town. It damaged several houses, uprooted trees, and killed 2 people while 2 others were injured.[118][119]
EF? Typhoon Ragasa (Nando) September 2025 Santa Maria, Olongapo, Masinloc, & Meycauayan respectively Ilocos Sur, Zambales, & Bulacan 4 1 injury
Multiple tornadoes were reported during Typhoon Ragasa, often accompanied by monsoon winds. On September 22, a tornado struck three villages in Santa Maria, Ilocus Sur where it damaged 48 houses.[120][121] Two days later, three additional tornadoes hit Zambales and Bulacan. At 14:00 local time, a tornado damaged 3 houses and toppled trees in Olongapo, Zambales.[122] Meanwhile in Masinloc, at around 16:00 local time, another tornado tore through a public market. At 16:45 local time, a tornado in Meycauayan, Bulacan damaged 13 houses and scattered multiple debris. A person was injured after falling from a motorcycle due to strong winds.[123]

List of tornadoes with no reported casualties

This list includes confirmed tornado incidents that had no reported casualties but had reported damages.

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

References

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