List of indeterminate prehistoric percomorph genera

In the past, many fossil fish genera from the Late Cretaceous onwards were placed in the order Perciformes or the suborder Percoidei. Recent taxonomic revisions have found the former interpretation of Perciformes and Percoidei to be paraphyletic, comprising many distantly related families from across the Percomorpha, and these studies have thus significantly restricted the new definition of Perciformes.[1] As these revisions were based primarily on genetic data, the taxonomic affiliation of many of these fossil "perciforms" is now uncertain beyond them belonging to the Percomorpha.[2] This list contains fossil genera that are either considered indeterminate percomorphs or were previously assigned to the sensu lato interpretation of Perciformes/Percoidei:

Taxonomy

Families

  • Family Asianthidae Sytchevskaya & Prokofiev, 2003 (earliest Eocene of Turkmenistan[3]; disputed)
    • Asianthus Sytchevskaya & Prokofiev, 2003
    • Eosasia Sytchevskaya & Prokofiev, 2003
    • Pauranthus Sytchevskaya & Prokofiev, 2003
  • Family Callipterygidae (early Eocene of Italy)[4] (possibly a perciform)[5]
  • Family Caucasichthyidae Bannikov, 2011 (middle Eocene of North Caucasus, Russia)[6]
  • Family Eocottidae (early Eocene of Italy)[4] (possibly a perciform)[5]
  • Family Exelliidae[7]
  • Family †Pietschellidae Carnevale & Bannikov, 2015 (Early Eocene of Italy)[5]
    • Pietschellus Carnevale & Bannikov, 2015
    • Nickcaves Carnevale & Bannikov, 2015[8]
  • Family Priscacaridae[5]
    • Priscacara Cope, 1877 (Early Eocene of Wyoming, USA)[9] (possibly a cichliform)[5]
  • Family Quasimullidae (early Eocene of Italy)[4][5]
    • Quasimullus Bannikov, 1999
  • Family Repropcidae Bannikov, 1991[5][10]
    • Apscheronichthys Prokofiev, 2001 (Oligocene of North Caucasus, Russia)
    • Quasirepropca Prokofiev, 2009
    • Repropca Bannikov, 1991 (Early Oligocene of Poland & North Caucasus, Russia)[11]
  • Family Robertanniidae (early Eocene of Italy) (possibly a perciform)[4][5]
    • Robertannia Bannikov, 2011
    • Hendrixella Bannikov & Carnevale, 2009
  • Tortonesiidae (Early Eocene of Italy) (possibly a labriform)[4]
    • Guus Bannikov, 2019
    • Tortonesia Sorbini, 1983
  • Salwaichthyidae Bannikov, 2020
    • Salwaichthys Bannikov, 2020 (Early Oligocene of North Caucasus (Russia), Abkhazia, and Poland)[12]

Genera

  • Acronuroides Bannikov, Carnevale & Tyler, 2019 (Early Eocene of Italy)
  • Aluvarus Bannikov & Tyler, 1995 (Late Eocene of Iran; possibly a luvarid)[13]
  • Ammutichthys Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale, 2025 (Early Eocene of Italy)[14]
  • Amphiperca Weitzel, 1933 (Middle Eocene of Germany)
  • Anthracoperca Voigt, 1934 (Middle Eocene of Germany, possible earlier records from France & India)[15]
  • Blabe White, 1936 (Middle Eocene of Egypt)[16]
  • Blotichthys Sorbini, 1984 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Bolcaperca Bannikov & Zorzin, 2023 (Early Eocene of Italy)[17]
  • Bradyurus Gill, 1904 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Carpathoserranoides Prokofiev, 2009 (Early Oligocene of Poland & the Czech Republic)[18][19]
  • Caucasoserranoides Prokofiev, 2009 (Oligocene of North Caucasus, Russia)[18][20]
  • Cyclopoma Agassiz, 1833 (early Eocene of Italy and the United States; possibly a centropomid or a percichthyid)[4]
  • Dibango Davesne & Carnevale, 2025 (Early Eocene of Italy)[21]
  • Eoserranus Woodward, 1908 (Late Cretaceous of India)[2]
  • Epibatichthys Prokofiev, 2002 (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)[22]
  • Erebusia Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale, 2025 (Early Eocene of Italy)[14]
  • Frigoichthys Bannikov, 2004 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Frippia Bannikov & Carnevale, 2012 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Gillidia Eastman, 1914 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Indiaichthys Arratia, 2004 (Early Eocene[23] of India)[2]
  • Latellopsis Bannikov & Zorzin, 2019 (Early Eocene of Italy)[24]
  • Mioplosus Cope, 1877 (Early Eocene of Wyoming, USA)[9]
  • Jimtylerius Bannikov & Carnevale, 2007 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Johnsonperca Taverne, 2010 (Late Cretaceous of Italy)[2]
  • Malacopygaeus Leriche, 1906 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Montepostalia Bannikov & Zorzin, 2004 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Nardoichthys Sorbini & Bannikov, 1991 (Late Cretaceous of Italy)
  • Kelemejtubus Cantalice & Alvardo-Ortega, 2017 (Early Paleocene of Mexico)[25]
  • Oligoserranoides Prokofiev, 2009 (Early Oligocene of Poland)[18]
  • Palaeoperca Micklich, 1978 (Middle Eocene of Germany)
  • Parapelates Bannikov, 2008 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Parapercichthys Greenwood, 1983 (Paleocene of Saudi Arabia)[26]
  • Parapygaeus Pellegrin, 1907 (Early Eocene of Italy)
  • Pavarottia Bannikov & Zorzin, 2011 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Pirsagatia Prokofiev, 2002 (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)[22]
  • Portentosoceros Nazarkin & Bannikov, 2021 (Middle Miocene of Sakhalin, Russia) (possibly a pentacerotid)[27]
  • Pygaeus Agassiz, 1835 (early Eocene of Italy)[4] (possibly a carangiform)[5]
  • Prolates Priem, 1899 (Late Cretaceous of France)[2]
  • Properca Sauvage, 1880 (Paleocene to Early Miocene of Europe)
  • Proserranus Patterson, 1964 (Early Paleocene of Sweden) [2]
  • Quasicichla Bannikov, 2004 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Rhenanoperca Gaudant & Micklich, 1990 (Middle Eocene of Germany)
  • Saldenioichthys Lopez-Arbarello, Arratia & Tunik, 2003 (Late Cretaceous of Argentina)[28]
  • Semlikiichthys Otero & Gayet, 1999 (Early Miocene to Early Pleistocene of Egypt, Chad, Kenya & the Democratic Republic of the Congo)[29]
  • Squamibolcoides Bannikov & Zorzin, 2013 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Stefanichthys Bannikov & Roberto, 2020 (Early Eocene of Italy)
  • Ungarnia Prokofiev, 2009 (Oligocene of Romania)[20]
  • Veronabrax Bannikov, 2008 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Vixperca Peña Zarzuelo, 1991 (Middle Eocene of Spain)[30]
  • Voltamulloides Bannikov, 2008 (Early Eocene of Italy)[4]
  • Weilerichthys Otero & Gayet, 1999 (Late Eocene of Egypt)[31]
  • Zorzinperca Taverne, 2010 (Late Cretaceous of Italy)[2]

Otolith genera

  • Paraplesiopoma Trif & Schwarzhans, 2025 (Late Cretaceous of Romania)[32]
  • Plesiopoma Schwarzhans, 2010 (Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene)[32]

References

  1. ^ Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo (6 July 2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17..162B. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2023.002. ISSN 1374-8505.
  3. ^ Sytchevskaya, E. K.; Prokofiev, A. M. (2011-01-01). "On the status and volume of the late paleocene family Asianthidae (Percoidei)". Journal of Ichthyology. 51 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1134/S0032945211010139. ISSN 1555-6425.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Carnevale, G.; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Marramà, G.; Tyler, James C.; Zorzin., R. (2014). "The Bolca Fossil-Lagerstätte: A window into the Eocene World. 5. The Pesciara- Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates. Excursion guide" (PDF). Rendiconti della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 4 (1): i–xxvii. hdl:10088/25678.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Laan, Richard van der (2018-10-11). "Family-group names of fossil fishes". European Journal of Taxonomy (466). doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.466. ISSN 2118-9773.
  6. ^ Bannikov, A. F.; Carnevale, G.; Parin, N. V. (2011-01-01). "The new family Caucasichthyidae (Pisces, Perciformes) from the Eocene of the North Caucasus". Paleontological Journal. 45 (1): 83–89. doi:10.1134/S0031030111010047. ISSN 1555-6174.
  7. ^ Bannikov, A. F.; Tyler, James C. (1994). "A REVISION OF THE EOCENE FISH FAMILY EXELLIIDAE (PERCIFORMES)" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 28 (3).
  8. ^ Carnevale, G.; Bannikov, A. F. (2015). "Pietschellidae fam. nov., a new family of miniature percomorph fishes from the Eocene of Bolca, with the description of a new genus and species". Studie Ricerche Sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, XVI - Miscellanea Paleontologica. 13. S2CID 90273137.
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  11. ^ Přikryl, Tomáš; Kania, Iwona; Krzemiński, Wiesław (2016-12-01). "Synopsis of fossil fish fauna from the Hermanowa locality (Rupelian; Central Paratethys; Poland): current state of knowledge". Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 109 (3): 429–443. doi:10.1007/s00015-016-0216-5. ISSN 1661-8734.
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  13. ^ Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Tyler, James C. (1995). "Phylogenetic Revision of the Fish Families Luvaridae and Kushlukiidae (Acanthuroidei), with a New Genus and Two New Species of Eocene Luvarids". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (81): 1–45. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.81.1. hdl:10088/19149.
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  16. ^ White, Errol Ivor (1936). "V.— On certain Eocene percoid fishes". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 18 (103): 43–54. doi:10.1080/00222933608655173. ISSN 0374-5481.
  17. ^ Museo, Comune Verona- (2019-10-17). "Museo di Storia Naturale - Vol. 23 (2023)". museodistorianaturale.comune.verona.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-08-31.
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  19. ^ A.M. Prokofiev (2009). "К систематике олигоценовых перкоидных рыб, известных под сборным названием "Serranus budensis", с выделением новых таксонов". Актуальные проблемы современной науки. 46: 199–222.
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  21. ^ Davesne, Donald; Carnevale, Giorgio (8 May 2025). "An enigmatic teleost fish from the Eocene of Bolca (Italy) with unusual larval-like features". Papers in Palaeontology. 11 (3). doi:10.1002/spp2.70017.
  22. ^ a b Prokofiev, A. M. "New and little known perciform fishes from the Upper Oligocene – Lower Miocene boundary deposits of the Caucasus (Osteichthyes, Perciformes)" (PDF). Zoosystematica Rossica. 11 (1): 209–217. doi:10.31610/zsr/2002.11.1.209. Retrieved 2025-12-15.
  23. ^ Shah, Nishi H.; Patel, Satish J. (2024-12-01). "A new superfamily of freshwater mussels Deccanoidea nov. (Mollusca: Unionida) from an intertrappean deposit of Saurashtra province (Gujarat state, western India): An example of disjunct distribution". Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. 69 (2): 121–146. doi:10.1177/05529360241269345. ISSN 0552-9360.
  24. ^ Alexandre F. Bannikov; Roberto Zorzin (2019). "A new genus and species of incertae sedis percomorph fish (Perciformes) from the Eocene of Bolca in northern Italy, and a new genus for Psettopsis latellai Bannikov, 2005" (PDF). Studi e Ricerche Sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, XIX - Miscellanea Paleontologica. 16: 5–15.
  25. ^ Cantalice, Kleyton M.; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús (2017-11-02). "Kelemejtubus castroi, gen. et sp. nov., an ancient percomorph (Teleostei, Actinopterygii) from the Paleocene marine deposits near Palenque, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (6): e1383265. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1383265. ISSN 0272-4634.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
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  27. ^ Nazarkin, Mikhail V.; Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2021-03-04). "Portentosoceros, the new genus for the Neogene fish Pentaceros sakhaliniсus Gretchina (Perciformes, Percoidei) from the western Pacific and its taxonomic position". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1928682. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1928682. ISSN 0272-4634.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  28. ^ López-Arbarello, A.; Arratia, G.; Tunik, M. A. (2003-01-01). "Saldenioichthys remotus gen. et sp. nov. (Teleostei, Perciformes) and other acanthomorph remains from the Maastrichtian Saldeño Formation (Mendoza, Argentina)". Fossil Record. 6 (1): 161–168. doi:10.1002/mmng.20030060109. ISSN 2193-0066.
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  31. ^ Otero, Olga; Gayet, Mireille (1999-03-09). "Weilerichthys fajumensis (Percoidei incertae sedis), new name and systematic position for Lates fajumensis Weiler, 1929, from the Eocene of the Fayum (Egypt)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte: 81–94. doi:10.1127/njgpm/1999/1999/81.
  32. ^ a b Trif, Nicolae; Pirnea, Roxana; Čerňanský, Andrej; Schwarzhans, Werner; Bălc, Ramona; Jain, Sreepat; Kaim, Andrzej; Bakayeva, Sofia; Hryniewicz, Krzysztof (2025-07-30). "A diverse Campanian biota from the Bozeș Formation (Petrești, Romania): Insights into the paleontology and paleoecology of a transitional sequence". Palaeontologia Electronica. 28 (2): 1–62. doi:10.26879/1536. ISSN 1094-8074.
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