List of fish used for fish maw

Fish maw is sourced from various types of fish. It is largely consumed in China, where Sciaenidae (croakers/drums) tend to command the highest price per pound. While virtually any teleost fish has an edible swim bladder, certain fish species have been specifically targeted for their perceived high-quality fish maw.[1][2]

Species Family Common name Region Refs
Anguilla marmorata Anguillidae giant mottled eel Indo-Pacific [1]
Arius thalassinus Ariidae giant catfish Indo-Pacific [3]
Aspistor quadriscutis Ariidae Bressou sea catfish, cangatá Atlantic, west [4]
Bagre bagre Ariidae coco sea catfish, bandeirado Atlantic, west [4]
Bahaba taipingensis Sciaenidae giant yellow croaker, Chinese bahaba China Seas [5][6]
Boesemania microlepis Sciaenidae Boesman croaker; maw: Spider maw Southeast Asia [1][5]
Conger cinereus Congridae longfin African conger Indo-Pacific [7]
Congresox talabonoides Muraenesocidae Indian pike conger Indo-Pacific [7]
Cynoscion acoupa Sciaenidae acoupa weakfish, pescada amarela Atlantic, west [1][5][4]
Cynoscion microlepidotus Sciaenidae smallscale weakfish, corvina Atlantic, west [4]
Cynoscion othonopterus Sciaenidae Gulf corvina Gulf of California [2]
Cynoscion virescens Sciaenidae green weakfish, corvina Atlantic, west [4]
Daysciaena albida Sciaenidae Bengal corvina Indian Ocean [7]
Diodon liturosus Diodontidae Black-blotched porcupinefish Indo-Pacific [1]
Eleutheronema tetradactylum Polynemidae Indian salmon, fourfinger redfin Indo-Pacific [7][8][9]
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Xenocyprididae bighead carp Pacific, east [3]
Johnius coitor Sciaenidae datina koral Indo-Pacific [8][9]
Johnius macropterus Sciaenidae gulamah Indo-Pacific [10]
Larimichthys crocea Sciaenidae large yellow croaker Pacific, west [1]
Lates calcarifer Latidae barramundi Indo-Pacific [1][3]
Lates niloticus Latidae Nile perch Afrotropical realm [2]
Leptomelanosoma indicum Polynemidae Indian threadfin Indo-Pacific [1]
Macrodon ancylodon Sciaenidae king weakfish, pescada gó Atlantic, west [4]
Muraenesox bagio Muraenesocidae pike eel Indo-Pacific [1][8][9]
Muraenesox cinereus Muraenesocidae conger pike (海鰻) Indo-Pacific [1][3][11]
Notarius grandicassis Ariidae Thomas sea catfish, cambéua Atlantic, west [4]
Otolithes spp. Sciaenidae croakers Indo-Pacific [3]
Otolithoides biauritus Sciaenidae bronze croaker Indo-Pacific [7]
Nibea soldado Sciaenidae soldier croaker Indo-Pacific [7]
Nibea squamosa Sciaenidae scaly croaker Pacific, west [12]
Pangasius hypophthalmus Pangasiidae pangasius, iridescent shark catfish South Asia, Southeast Asia [8][13]
Plagioscion ternetzi Sciaenidae freshwater croaker Río de la Plata [1]
Pomadasys argenteus Haemulidae silver grunt Indo-Pacific [8][9]
Priacanthus tayenus Priacanthidae bigeye snapper Indo-Pacific [3]
Protonibea diacanthus Sciaenidae black spotted croaker, brown croaker Indo-Pacific [1][3][2]
Pseudotolithus senegalensis Sciaenidae cassava croaker Atlantic, east [1]
Sciades couma Ariidae couma sea catfish Atlantic, west [2]
Sciades parkeri Ariidae gillbacker sea catfish; gurijuba Atlantic, west [5][2]
Sciades proops Ariidae crucifix sea catfish Atlantic, west [2][4]
Totoaba macdonaldi Sciaenidae totoaba (加利福尼亚石首鱼, transl. California croaker); maw: San Francisco maw, large whiskered jinqian (lit. 'money fish') Gulf of California [5][6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Seah, Ying Giat; Wainwright, Benjamin J. (2025). "An Assessment of the Fish Maw Trade in Singapore and Malaysia Reveals Threatened Species and Highlights the Need for a More Complete Assessment of the Conservation Status of the World's Fishes". Conservation Letters. 18 (3) e13115. doi:10.1111/conl.13115. ISSN 1755-263X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Ben-Hasan, Abdulrahman; Sadovy de Mitcheson, Yvonne; Cisneros-Mata, Miguel A.; Jimenez, Érica Antunes; Daliri, Moslem; Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M.; Nair, Rekha J.; Thankappan, Sangeetha A.; Walters, Carl J.; Christensen, Villy (October 2021). "China's fish maw demand and its implications for fisheries in source countries". Marine Policy. 132 104696. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104696.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Choo, Kerri; Choki, Dechen; Howieson, Janet (2016), "Barramundi Swim Bladders: Optimisation of Appendix 12: Sanitising, Cleaning And Drying Of Air Bladders For Human Consumption" (PDF), New Opportunities for Seafood Processing Waste, Australia: Fisheries Research & Development Corporation
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Jimenez, Érica Antunes; Leitão Barboza, Roberta Sá; da Silva Garcia, Jamile; Cristina da Silva Correa, Ellen; Amaral, Marilu Teixeira; Frédou, Flávia Lucena (October 15, 2021). "International trade of Amazon fish byproducts: Threats and opportunities for coastal livelihoods". Ocean & Coastal Management. 212 105812. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105812. ISSN 0964-5691.
  5. ^ a b c d e Hui, Lulu Ning; Reed, Sarita (2022-01-20), 'Gold in the sea': Brazil's booming fish bladder trade, Al Jazeera
  6. ^ a b COLLATERAL DAMAGE: How illegal trade in totoaba swim bladders is driving the vaquita to extinction (PDF), London: Environmental Investigation Agency, September 2016
  7. ^ a b c d e f Akhilesh, K.V.; Nakhawa, A.D.; Bhendekar, S.N.; Chellappan, Anulekshmi; Kizhakudan, Shoba Joe; Zacharia, P.U. (2022-07-12). "Fish swim-bladder trade in India". Marine Fisheries Information Service. Technical and Extension Series (251). India: Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute: 29–32. ISSN 0254-380X.
  8. ^ a b c d e Das, Suji Krishna (March 2025), "Utilisation and Processing of Fish By-Products in Bangladesh: Valuable Treasures, Not Trash" (PDF), INFOFISH International, Malaysia: INFOFISH, pp. 54–58
  9. ^ a b c d Illius, Shamsuddin (2020-01-26), Fish maw no longer worthless!, Bangladesh: TBS News
  10. ^ Zulham, A; Hikmah, H; Shafitri, N (November 1, 2019). "Fisheries in Merauke: linking fishermen to markets". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 348 (1) 012051. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/348/1/012051. ISSN 1755-1307.
  11. ^ Newman, Jacqueline M. (2004), "Fish Maw", Flavors & Fortune, vol. 3, no. 11, South Setauket, New York: Institute for the Advancement of the Science and Art of Chinese Cuisine, pp. 25–27
  12. ^ Chandler, Jo (October 10, 2024). "'Cocaine of the seas' — how a luxury food is wreaking ecological mayhem". Nature. 634 (8033): 284–286. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-03259-8. ISSN 0028-0836.
  13. ^ China spends 21 million USD importing Vietnam's pangasius fish maws, Vietnam News Agency, 2024-02-10 – via Vietnam+
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