Kieseritzky Gambit

Kieseritzky Gambit
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8
a8 black rook
b8 black knight
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
e5 white knight
e4 white pawn
f4 black pawn
g4 black pawn
h4 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
f1 white bishop
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
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Moves1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5
ECOC39
OriginManuscript by Giulio Cesare Polerio, 1590
Named afterLionel Kieseritzky (1805-1853)
ParentKing's Gambit

In chess, the Kieseritzky Gambit is an opening line in the King's Gambit. It begins with the moves:

1. e4 e5
2. f4 exf4
3. Nf3 g5
4. h4 g4
5. Ne5

This is the main line of the Classical Variation (3...g5) and one of the main lines of the King's Gambit in general. After Black attempts to establish defense of the pawn on f4, White reacts by immediately undermining the pawn chain with 4.h4, where Black has little choice but to play 4...g4. The gambit's overall assessment is still unclear but approximately equal. Boris Spassky used it to defeat Bobby Fischer in 1960,[1] leading Fischer to develop the Fischer Defense (3...d6).

The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings classifies the Kieseritzky Gambit under code C39. C39 is also the code for the Allgaier Gambit, in which White plays 5.Ng5?!, sacrificing the knight for an attack after 5...h6 6.Nxf7 Kxf7. The Allgaier Gambit is considered dubious.

History

The opening now known as the Kieseritzky Gambit was first described by Polerio in the late 16th century. Greco also included a game with this opening in his 1620 collection.[2] It was also analyzed by Salvio (1604) and Philidor (1749).[3] In the first edition of the Handbuch in 1843, 5.Ne5 was considered under the heading of the Allgaier Gambit, but the editors noted that Kieseritzky had contributed significantly to the theory of 5.Ne5, which they advocated as superior to 5.Ng5 (an opinion shared by almost all subsequent analysts). The corresponding chapter in the second edition of the Handbuch in 1852 was headed "Allgaier and Kieseritzky's Gambit". Subsequently the name Kieseritzky Gambit came into general use for 5.Ne5, Allgaier Gambit being used exclusively for 5.Ng5.

5...Nf6 (Berlin Defense)

abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8g8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7e7f7 black pawng7h7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6 black bishope6f6g6h66
5a5b5c5d5 white pawne5 white knightf5g5h5 black knight5
4a4b4c4 white bishopd4 white pawne4f4 black pawng4 black pawnh4 white pawn4
3a3b3c3d3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2e2f2g2 white pawnh22
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1g1h1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Anderssen Defense, 8.d4 Nh5

5...Nf6 is the most common reply, attacking White's weak pawn on e4 and exerting control over central squares.

White almost always responds with 6.Bc4, 6.Nxg4, or 6.d4. 6.Nxg4 is relatively drawish compared to the other options.

6.Bc4

The line most often continues 6...d5 7.exd5 Bd6 8.d4 Nh5 which is also known as the Anderssen Defense and is considered the main line of the Kieseritzky Gambit itself. After 9.0-0 Qxh4 10.Qe1 Qxe1 11.Rxe1 the position is approximately equal. A relatively untested try is 9.Nc3!?, when one possible line is 9...Qe7 10.0-0 Bxe5 11.Nb5!. Dubbed the "Flude Line" by Shaw after the Australian correspondence player David Flude, it often leads to wild complications that are difficult for either side to navigate at the board.[4]

The Rice Gambit, 6...d5 7.exd5 Bd6 8.0-0?!, has been discredited.

The main alternative to 7...Bd6 is 7...Bg7, the Deferred Paulsen Defense. The main line now is considered to be 8.d4 Nh5 9.0-0 Qxh4 10.Qe1 Qxe1 11.Rxe1 0-0 with equality.[5]

If Black does not protect the pawn, playing for example 6...Bg7?!, White should avoid 7.Nxf7?! Qe7 8.Nxh8 d5!; correct is 7.Bxf7+! Kf8 8.Bb3.[6]

6.Nxg4

Black often takes White's undefended pawn with 6...Nxe4. This invites the surprising forcing continuation 7.d3 Ng3 8.Bxf4 Nxh1 9.Qe2+ Qe7 10.Nf6+ Kd8 11.Bxc7+ Kxc7 12.Nd5+ Kd8 13.Nxe7 Bxe7, leading to an extremely imbalanced position where White is down a rook, bishop, and knight in exchange for Black's queen and one pawn.

Black may exit the sequence by instead playing 8...Qe7+, which most commonly continues 9.Be2 Rg8 10.Bxg3 Rxg4 11.Bf2 Rxg2 12.Nc3. Black also often plays 9...Qb4+, threatening both White's bishop on f4 and pawn on b2. White usually responds by trading queens with 10.Qd2 Qxd2.

Alternative sixth moves for Black include 6...d5, the de Rivière Variation, typically continuing 7.Nxf6+ Qxf6, as well as 6...d6, transposing to the Kolisch Defense, and 6...Nc6.

6.d4 (Rubinstein Variation)

This is another common move, and most often continues 6...d6 7.Nd3 Nxe4 8.Bxf4 Bg7 9.c3, leaving an open center.

8...Qe7 is a common alternative for Black, enabling a discovered check if the knight on e4 moves. Thus, White usually responds with 9.Qe2 or 9.Be2.

5...d6 (Kolisch Defense)

This is the main sound alternative to 5...Nf6. The main line continues 6.Nxg4 Nf6 7.Nxf6+ (or 7.Nf2) Qxf6, returning the gambited pawn in exchange for quick development. Black also often plays 6...Be7, which regains the pawn, most commonly continuing 7.d4 Bxh4+ 8.Nf2 Bg3, leaving the bishop rather confined but difficult to dislodge.

5...h5?! (Long Whip Variation)

abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8g8 black knighth88
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7f7 black pawng7h7 black rook7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6g6h6 black bishop6
5a5b5c5d5e5 white knightf5g5h5 black pawn5
4a4b4c4 white bishopd4 white pawne4 white pawnf4 black pawng4 black pawnh4 white pawn4
3a3b3c3 white knightd3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2e2f2g2 white pawnh22
1a1 white rookb1c1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1g1h1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Jaenisch Variation

Formerly considered a critical test of the Kieseritzky Gambit, this line is now considered dubious. Black goes to considerable lengths to hold on to the pawn, at the expense of a large lead in development and attacking chances for White. White's usual reply is 6.Bc4, with play most commonly continuing with 6...Nh6 or 6...Rh7. The line 6.Bc4 Rh7 7.d4 Bh6 8.Nc3 is known as the Jaenisch Variation. 7...d6 and 7...f3 are more common alternatives.

Other 5th moves for Black

  • 5...d5, the Brentano (or Campbell) Defense. White's best reply is 6.d4. The Kaplanek Variation, 6.d4 Nf6 7.exd5 Qxd5 8.Nc3 Bb4 9.Kf2, and the Caro Variation, 6.d4 Nf6 7.Bxf4 Nxe4 8.Nd2, are two known lines.
  • 5...Qe7, the Salvio (or Rosenthal) Defense. White's best reply is 6.d4. A risky counterattacking line is 6.d4 f5 7.Bc4, the Cozio Variation.
  • 5...Bg7, the Paulsen Defense. White usually replies with 6.d4 or 6.Nxg4.
  • 5...Nc6, the Neumann Defense. White's best reply is again 6.d4.
  • 5...Be7?, the Polerio Defense. White gains an advantage with 6.Bc4.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Boris Spassky vs Robert James Fischer (1960)
  2. ^ "Greco vs. NN, 1620". Chessgames.com.
  3. ^ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [First pub. 1992]. "Kieseritzky Gambit". The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 200. ISBN 0-19-280049-3.
  4. ^ Shaw, John (2013). The King's Gambit. UK: Quality Chess. pp. 47–90. ISBN 978-1-906552-71-8.
  5. ^ Shaw, John (2019). The King's Gambit. UK: Quality Chess. pp. 19–28. ISBN 978-1-906552-71-8.
  6. ^ Shaw, John (2013). The King's Gambit. UK: Quality Chess. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-906552-71-8.

Bibliography

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