Khawass

Khawass (Arabic: خواس, romanized: ḵawāṣṣ, lit. 'properties') is an Islamic term for magic that relies on theurgy,[1] and is devoid of reliance on Jinn or other forms of disbelief, which is usually contrasted with Siḥr (Arabic: سحر, lit. 'obscuring'), a term used to refer to black magic.[2][3][4]

References

  1. ^ Dols, Michael W. (2021). "3. The Theory of Magic in Healing". Magic and Divination in Early Islam. Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis.
  2. ^ Edmonds III, Radcliffe G. (2019). "The Illuminations of Theurgy: Philosophy and Magic". Drawing Down the Moon: Magic in the Ancient Greco-Roman World. Princeton University Press. pp. 314–377
  3. ^ Fahd, T., "Siḥr", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 02 December 2021
  4. ^ Kruk, Remke (19 Oct 2010). "Harry Potter in the Gulf: Contemporary Islam and the Occult". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 32 (1): 47–74. doi:10.1080/13530190500081626. ISSN 1353-0194.
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