Egypt–Germany relations

Egypt–Germany relations
Map indicating locations of Germany and Egypt

Germany
Egypt
Diplomatic mission
German embassy, CairoEgyptian embassy, Berlin

Egypt–Germany relations are the foreign relations between Egypt and Germany. The diplomatic relations between Egypt and Germany began in December 1957.[1] Germany is an important trading partner of Egypt.

History

See also: Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world and Egypt in World War II

Egypt severed diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany on 4 September 1939, one day after the British declaration of war on Germany. German nationals in Egypt were interned and their property and businesses put in the care of a "Public Custodian for Enemy Assets".[2] In April 1941, King Farouk sent a secret note to the German leader, Adolf Hitler, "looking forward to seeing German troops victorious in Egypt as soon as possible and as liberators from the intolerably brutal English yoke". In his reply, Hitler expressed a desire for the "independence of Egypt".[3] On 26 February 1945, towards the end of World War II, Egypt formally declared war on Germany.[2]


Anwar_Sadat_and_Helmut_Schmidt
Egypt's President Anwar Sadat and Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, 1977

In December, 1953, the diplomatic relations between Egypt and Germany started the first technical cooperation projects including the projects of professional habilitation, laying studies of the crude iron and other metallic prospections.

Diplomatic missions

Egypt has an embassy in Berlin, as well as consulates in Frankfurt and Hamburg. Germany has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate in Alexandria.[4]

Economic relations

Egypt ranked third among the Arab countries trading with Germany. The German exports to Egypt totalled 2.1 billion euro in 2007. Whilst exports to Germany totalled 804 million euro.[5] The German investments in Egypt are concentrated in the fields of small and medium-scale industries, information technology, car assembling, energy and land reclamation. In July 2005, Egypt and Germany signed an agreement on encouraging and protecting investments.[6][7][8]

Tourism

Egypt is one of the most important destinations for German tourists. In 2007, German visitors to Egypt numbered over one million (1,086,000), making Germans the second-largest group of tourists after the Russians.[5] The Egyptian Government reports continuing growth of German tourists and estimates the possibility of reaching high levels of German tourists' inflow to hit 1.2 million.[9]

German airline Lufthansa is one of the oldest foreign airlines to operate flights from Europe to Egypt. The airline has said "These flights are serving businessmen and tourists, thus making Lufthansa a key tool boosting the bilateral economic ties between Egypt and Germany". In addition, the airline now has code-share arrangements with Egyptair boosting travel between the nations.[10]

Cultural

In 1873, the Deutsche Evangelische Oberschule (German evangelic school) was established in Cairo.

The Egyptian–German cultural agreement, signed in 1959, is the major framework which organizes Egyptian–German cultural relations.[9] Egypt and Germany also signed two agreements in 1979 and 1981 on scientific and cultural cooperation between the two countries.

Egyptian–German cultural cooperation is characterized in the following:

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Relations of Egypt and Germany.

Further reading

English Sources

  • Hamed, Raouf Abbas (1988). "Germany and the Egyptian Nationalist Movement 1882-1918". Die Welt des Islams. 28 (1/4): 11–24. doi:10.2307/1571162. ISSN 0043-2539.
  • Haykal, Muḥammad Ḥasanayn (1973). "Ludwig Erhard: Conflict Imposed". The Cairo Documents: The Inside Story of Nasser and His Relationship with World Leaders, Rebels, and Statesmen. Doubleday. ISBN 9780385064477.
  • McKale, Donala M. (1987). "Weltpolitik Versus Imperium Britannica: Anglo-German Rivalry in Egypt, 1904-14". Canadian Journal of History. 22 (2): 195–208. doi:10.3138/cjh.22.2.195.
  • Pence, Katherine (2012). "Showcasing Cold War Germany in Cairo: 1954 and 1957 Industrial Exhibitions and the Competition for Arab Partners". Journal of Contemporary History. 47 (1): 69–95. doi:10.1177/0022009411422361.

German Sources

References

  1. ^ "Egyptian-German relations". Egypt State Information Service. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  2. ^ a b US The Department of State Bulletin (March 4, 1945).
  3. ^ Peter Longerich, Hitler: A Biography (Oxford University Press, 2019), p. 735.
  4. ^ "Deutsche Vertretungen (German Embassies)". foreign office of Germany.
  5. ^ a b "diplo - Startseite - HTTP Status 404" (in German). Auswaertiges-amt.de. 2013-11-27. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  6. ^ "international-investment-agreements/countries".
  7. ^ "Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Arab Repubiic of Egypt concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments".
  8. ^ "Mamish embarks on tour to promote SCZone in 4 German cities".
  9. ^ a b "Egypt State Information Service - Egyptian German relations". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
  10. ^ "Al-Ahram Weekly | Sky High | 50 years over the Pyramids". Archived from the original on 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
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