Bigyromonad

Bigyromonad
	Develorapax marinus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Clade:	Pseudofungi
Clade:	Bigyromonadea; Cavalier-Smith, 1997
Subgroups
	Developea; Pirsoniales;
Synonyms
	Bigyromonada

Bigyromonadea is a recently described non-photosynthetic lineage of stramenopiles that at present contains two subdivisions.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Description

Bigyromonads are characterized by biciliate cells that feed on bacteria through phagotrophy. They are marine organisms.^[2]

Taxonomy

Pirsoniales was thought to only include the parasitoid genus Pirsonia. In 2024, more genera were added to Pirsoniales, showing that this group also contains eukaryotrophic species.^[5]

Clade Bigyromonadea Cavalier-Smith, 1997
- Class Developea Karpov and Aleoshin, 2016^[6] ex Cavalier-Smith, 2017^[2]
  - Order Developayellales Doweld, 2001 [Developayellida Cavalier-Smith, 1987]
    - Family Developayellaceae Cavalier-Smith, 1997 [Developayellidae]
      - Developayella Tong, 1995
        D. elegans Tong, 1995
      - Develorapax Karpov and Aleoshin, 2016
        D. marinus Karpov and Aleoshin, 2016
      - Cubaremonas Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
        C. variflagellatum Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
      - Develocanicus Tikhonenkov, Cho, Mylnikov, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
        D. komovi Tikhonenkov, Cho, Mylnikov, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
        
        D. vyazemskyi Tikhonenkov, Cho, Mylnikov, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
      - Develocauda Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
        D. condao Tikhonenkov, Cho, and Keeling in Cho et al., 2022
- Order Pirsoniales Cavalier-Smith, 1998 emend. Prokina et al., 2024 [Pirsoniida Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2006]
  - Feodosia Prokina et al., 2024
    - F. pseudopoda Prokina et al., 2024
  - Koktebelia Prokina et al., 2024
    - K. satura Prokina et al., 2024
  - Bordeauxia Prokina et al., 2024
    - B. parva Prokina et al., 2024
  - Bullionia Prokina et al., 2024
    - B. fluviatilis Prokina et al., 2024
  - Family Pirsoniaceae Cavalier-Smith, 1998 emend. Prokina et al., 2024
    - Pirsonia Schnepf, Debres and Elbrachter, 1990
      - P. diadema Kühn, 1996
      - P. eucampiae Kühn, 1996
      - P. formosa Kühn, 1996
      - P. guinardie Schnepf, Debres and Elbrachter, 1990
      - P. punctigerae
      - P. verrucosa Kühn, 1996
      - P. chemainus Prokina et al., 2024
    - Noirmoutieria Prokina et al., 2024
      - N. diatomophaga Prokina et al., 2024

References

^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1997-10-01). "Sagenista and bigyra, two phyla of heterotrophic heterokont chromists". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 148 (3): 253–267. doi:10.1016/S0003-9365(97)80006-1. ISSN 0003-9365.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5 September 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
^ Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLOS ONE, 10 (4) e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
^ Cho, Anna; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Karnkowska, Anna; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2022-06-01). "Monophyly of diverse Bigyromonadea and their impact on phylogenomic relationships within stramenopiles". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 171 107468. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107468. ISSN 1055-7903.
^ Prokina, Kristina I.; Yubuki, Naoji; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Ciobanu, Maria Christina; López-García, Purificación; Moreira, David (2024). "Refurbishing the marine parasitoid order Pirsoniales with newly (re)described marine and freshwater free-living predators". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 71 (6) e13061. doi:10.1111/jeu.13061. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 11603286. PMID 39350673.
^ Aleoshin; et al. (2016), "Heterokont Predator Develorapax marinus gen. et sp. nov.- A Model of the Ochrophyte Ancestor", Front Microbiol, 7 (1194): 1194, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01194, PMC 4971089, PMID 27536283

External links

[1] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1997-10-01). "Sagenista and bigyra, two phyla of heterotrophic heterokont chromists". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 148 (3): 253–267. doi:10.1016/S0003-9365(97)80006-1. ISSN 0003-9365.

[Cavalier-Smith_2017-2] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5 September 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.

[3] Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLOS ONE, 10 (4) e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521

[4] Cho, Anna; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Karnkowska, Anna; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2022-06-01). "Monophyly of diverse Bigyromonadea and their impact on phylogenomic relationships within stramenopiles". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 171 107468. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107468. ISSN 1055-7903.

[5] Prokina, Kristina I.; Yubuki, Naoji; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Ciobanu, Maria Christina; López-García, Purificación; Moreira, David (2024). "Refurbishing the marine parasitoid order Pirsoniales with newly (re)described marine and freshwater free-living predators". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 71 (6) e13061. doi:10.1111/jeu.13061. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 11603286. PMID 39350673.

[6] Aleoshin; et al. (2016), "Heterokont Predator Develorapax marinus gen. et sp. nov.- A Model of the Ochrophyte Ancestor", Front Microbiol, 7 (1194): 1194, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01194, PMC 4971089, PMID 27536283

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